Written by: Abdulhakeem Idris
Nestled in the Mambilla Plateau of Taraba State, Gembu stands as a remarkable exception to Nigeria’s typically tropical climate. Renowned for its striking landscapes, lush vegetation, and most notably, its cool temperatures, Gembu is celebrated as the coldest place in Nigeria. This article explores the geographical, climatic, and cultural facets of Gembu, providing an in-depth understanding of what makes it uniquely cool in the context of Nigeria’s generally warm environment.
Gembu is situated in the Northeastern part of Nigeria, within the Mambilla Plateau, which is the highest plateau in Nigeria and one of the highest in Africa. The town is located at an elevation of approximately 1,348 meters (4,423 feet) above sea level, a significant factor contributing to its cooler climate. The Mambilla Plateau itself extends across the border into Cameroon, further emphasizing its vastness and elevation.
The climate of Gembu is classified as a subtropical highland climate, characterized by moderate temperatures throughout the year. The town experiences a temperate climate, with average annual temperatures hovering around 18°C (64°F). The region receives significant rainfall, particularly during the wet season, which spans from April to October. The dry season, from November to March, is marked by the Harmattan, a dry and dusty wind from the Sahara Desert that further cools the temperatures.
To understand why Gembu is the coldest place in Nigeria, it is essential to delve into detailed weather data and temperature patterns. According to the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Gembu consistently records some of the lowest temperatures in the country, particularly during the Harmattan season.
Annual Temperature Overview and Average Annual Temperature is Approximately 18°C (64°F) and the Coldest Months are December to February, with nighttime temperatures often dropping below 10°C (50°F). Extreme Lows Temperatures can occasionally fall to around 5°C (41°F) or lower during the coldest nights
While Daytime Temperatures Generally range from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F), offering a cool and comfortable climate year-round
The Harmattan season significantly influences the temperature patterns in Gembu. The dry and dusty winds reduce humidity levels, causing temperatures to drop rapidly after sunset. This period is often marked by chilly mornings and evenings, with daytime temperatures remaining mild.
The history of Gembu and the Mambilla Plateau is rich and diverse, reflecting the cultural tapestry of its inhabitants. The region is home to the Mambilla people, who have adapted their lifestyles to the unique climate and terrain of the plateau. Traditionally, the Mambilla people engaged in farming and cattle rearing, practices that continue to this day.
During the colonial era, the British administration recognized the climatic appeal of the Mambilla Plateau and established Gembu as a hill station. This designation promoted Gembu as a retreat for expatriates and colonial officers seeking relief from the heat of the lowlands. The colonial influence is still evident in some of the architectural styles and infrastructural developments in Gembu.
Today, Gembu is a vibrant town that blends its historical roots with modern developments. The cultural heritage of the Mambilla people is celebrated through various festivals, traditional music, and dance. The town’s cooler climate has also influenced its agricultural practices, with farmers cultivating crops that thrive in temperate conditions.
The cooler climate of Gembu significantly impacts the daily lives of its residents. From clothing choices to housing designs, the need to stay warm is a constant consideration. Traditional homes in Gembu are often constructed with thick walls and small windows to retain heat. Fireplaces and heavy blankets are common household items, providing necessary warmth during the chilly nights.
Residents of Gembu typically dress in layers to stay warm. Traditional attire includes thick, woven fabrics and blankets, often adorned with colorful patterns and designs. During the Harmattan season, residents bundle up in jackets, hats, and scarves to protect themselves from the cold winds.
The unique climate of Gembu allows for the cultivation of crops that would not survive in the hotter regions of Nigeria. Farmers in Gembu grow a variety of crops such as potatoes, strawberries, tea, and vegetables. The cooler temperatures and fertile soil provide an ideal environment for these crops, contributing to the region’s agricultural productivity.
Houses in Gembu are designed to retain heat and protect residents from the cold. Traditional homes are built with thick walls made of clay or bricks, and roofs are often thatched or made of corrugated iron sheets. Modern homes incorporate similar principles, with insulation and heating systems to maintain a comfortable indoor environment.
The distinct climate and scenic landscapes of Gembu have made it an attractive destination for tourists seeking a cool and comfortable getaway. The town’s natural beauty, combined with its cultural heritage, offers a unique experience for visitors.
The plateau itself is a major attraction, offering breathtaking views, lush vegetation, and diverse wildlife. Visitors can explore the rolling hills, valleys, and waterfalls that dot the landscape.
The Gashaka-Gumti National Park Located near Gembu, this park is the largest national park in Nigeria and home to various species of wildlife, including chimpanzees, elephants, and antelopes. The park’s diverse ecosystems, ranging from montane forests to savannahs, attract nature enthusiasts and researchers.
The cultural festivals in Gembu, such as the Mambilla Cultural Festival, showcase the rich heritage of the Mambilla people. These events feature traditional music, dance, and crafts, providing visitors with an immersive cultural experience.
The unique climate and natural resources of Gembu have also opened up various economic opportunities. The region’s agricultural productivity supports local markets and contributes to the economy. Additionally, the tourism industry has spurred the development of hotels, guesthouses, and resorts, catering to the growing number of visitors.
Like many other regions around the world, Gembu is not immune to the effects of climate change. Rising global temperatures and changing weather patterns pose potential risks to the region’s unique climate and ecosystems. Increased temperatures could disrupt the delicate balance that makes Gembu the coldest place in Nigeria, affecting agriculture, water resources, and overall quality of life.
Climate change could alter the growing seasons and viability of certain crops in Gembu. Farmers may need to adapt their practices, explore new crop varieties, and implement sustainable agricultural techniques to cope with changing conditions.
The availability of water resources in Gembu could be affected by climate change. Changes in precipitation patterns and the potential for prolonged dry spells could impact water availability for agriculture, drinking, and other needs.
The unique ecosystems of the Mambilla Plateau and Gashaka-Gumti National Park could face challenges due to climate change. Shifts in temperature and precipitation could impact wildlife habitats, biodiversity, and overall ecosystem health.
Efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change are crucial for preserving the climatic and ecological integrity of Gembu. Sustainable practices, reforestation projects, and environmental awareness campaigns are essential components of the region’s strategy to combat climate change and protect its natural heritage.
Gembu, the coldest place in Nigeria, stands as a testament to the climatic diversity within the country. Its high elevation and unique geographical location contribute to its temperate climate, providing a refreshing contrast to the typically hot and humid conditions prevalent in other regions of Nigeria. The town’s rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and economic opportunities make it a fascinating destination for both residents and visitors.
Understanding the climatic patterns and daily life in Gembu offers valuable insights into how communities adapt to and thrive in diverse environments. As the world faces the challenges of climate change, the resilience and adaptability of the people of Gembu serve as an inspiring example of how communities can navigate and embrace their unique climatic conditions.
References
1. Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). (2023). Weather Data and Climate Patterns. Retrieved from [nimet.gov.ng](https://nimet.gov.ng)
2. Weather Atlas. (2023). Gembu, Nigeria – Climate Data. Retrieved from [weather-atlas.com](https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/gembu-climate)
3. Plateau State Government. (2023). Official Website. Retrieved from [plateaustate.gov.ng](https://plateaustate.gov.ng)
4. Social Media Reports. (2023). Twitter and Instagram posts about Gembu weather.
5. BBC Weather. (2023). Gembu, Nigeria Forecast. Retrieved from [bbc.com/weather](https://www.bbc.com/weather/2339302)
6. Nigerian Tribune. (2023). “Harmattan in Gembu: The Chill Factor.” Retrieved from [nigeriantribune.com](https://www.nigeriantribune.com)
7. Gashaka-Gumti National Park. (2023). Official Website. Retrieved from [gashaka-gumtinationalpark.org](https://www.gashaka-gumtinationalpark.org)
